Maritime accidents affect the environment

Main Article Content

Sara Rodriguez

Abstract

This paper highlights the effects of transport accidents on the environment, specifically those occurring in maritime transportation. International trading and shipping are important for several reasons. International trade and shipping facilitate the movement of goods and services between countries, contributing to economic growth and development. It allows countries to access resources, products, and markets they might not have domestically, thus expanding their economic potential. Not all countries possess the same resources or expertise. International trade enables countries to specialise in producing goods and services where they have a comparative advantage, leading to more efficient resource allocation and increased productivity. International trade provides consumers access to various goods and services at different prices. This enhances consumer choice and allows people to enjoy products that may not be available or affordable domestically. International trade fosters competition among businesses, driving them to innovate, improve quality, and reduce costs to stay competitive in the global marketplace. This benefits consumers through better products and lower prices. Export-oriented industries create jobs as they expand to meet global demand. These jobs often have higher wages due to the specialised skills required.


International trade generates foreign exchange earnings for a country, which can be used to pay for imports, service foreign debt, and invest in other countries. A positive balance of payments is crucial for a stable economy. Trade exposes people to different cultures by exchanging goods, services, and ideas. This fosters greater understanding and co-operation among nations. Dependence on a single industry or market can be risky. International trade allows countries to diversify economies and reduce vulnerability to economic shocks. Shipping and transportation networks required for international trade often lead to improvements in infrastructure, including ports, roads, railways, and communication systems. These improvements benefit not only trade but also local communities. Trade can facilitate the transfer of technology, know-how, and best practices between countries. This helps less developed countries to catch up and develop more quickly. While shipping contributes to global carbon emissions, it also promotes energy-efficient practices through demand for cleaner and more sustainable transport options.


In summary, international trading and shipping are essential drivers of economic growth, job creation, innovation, and cultural exchange, fostering co-operation and stability between nations while promoting efficient resource utilisation and diversification. The author performed a detailed statistical analysis based on the accident database. It explains the impacts on the environment and some remedies for it.

Article Details

How to Cite
Rodriguez, S. (2023). Maritime accidents affect the environment. Cognitive Sustainability, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.55343/cogsust.69
Section
Articles

References

Berry, W. (2018). “The earth is what we all have in common.” (1 April 2018). Marktheworld. URL: https://marktheworld.wixsite.com/marktheworld/post/the-earth-is-what-we-all-have-in-common.-wendell-berry (Downloaded: 02 March 2023).

Bilogistik, S.A. (2019). Types of ships, based on the cargo they carry. URL: https://www.bilogistik.com/en/blog/types-ships-based-on-cargo/ (Downloaded: 26 March 2023).

Debelić, B., Vilke, S., & Milanović, S. (2016). Port Competitiveness and Ecological Impact of Logistics Activities: A Case Study of The Port of Ploče. Business Logistics in Modern Management. URL https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/plusm/article/view/4666

Dvorak, Z., Rehak, D., David, A., & Cekerevac, Z. (2020). Qualitative approach to environmental risk assessment in transport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5494. DOI: https://doi.org/gq8h34

EMSA – European Maritime Safety Agency (2022). EMSA Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 2021. URL: https://www.emsa.europa.eu/fc-default-view/tagged/85-annual-overview.html (Downloaded: 10 March 2023).

EMSA – European Maritime Safety Agency (2023). EMSA Outlook 2023. URL: https://emsa.europa.eu/ (Downloaded: 11 April 2023).

EUROSTAT (2023). Majority of EU freight transport in 2021 via sea. EUROSTAT. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/DDN-20230316-2 (Downloaded: 23 July 2023).

Gudmundsson, H., Hall, R., Marsden, G., Zietsman, J. (2015). Sustainable Transportation: Indicators, Frameworks, and Performance Management. Samfundslitteratur. Springer. URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-46924-8

IMO – International Maritime Organization (n.d.). International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC). URL: https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-on-Oil-Pollution-Preparedness,-Response-and-Co-operation-(OPRC).aspx (Downloaded: 20 March 2023).

Jugović, A., Debelić, B., & Brdar, M. (2011). Short Sea Shipping In Europe Factor Of The Sustainable Development Transport System Of Croatia. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research, 25(1). pp109-124 URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/103833

Keltic Petrochemicals Inc. (2007). Effects on the environment, URL: https://iaac-aeic.gc.ca/archives/evaluations/10471/documents_staticpost/pdfs/23818-10E.pdf (Downloaded: 20 March 2023).

Kozanhan, M. K. (2019). Maritime Tanker Accidents and Their Impact on Marine Environment. Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy. 22(1), 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/knt2

Li, H., Ren, X., Yang, Z. (2023). Data-driven Bayesian network for risk analysis of global maritime accidents. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 230, 108938. DOI: https://doi.org/kntx

Mako, P., Dávid, A., Böhm, P., & Savu, S. (2021). Sustainable transport in the Danube region. Sustainability, 13(12), 6797. DOI: https://doi.org/kntw

Sepehri, A., Vandchali, H. R., Siddiqui, A. W., Montewka, J. (2022). The impact of shipping 4.0 on controlling shipping accidents? A systematic literature review. Ocean Engineering. 243, 110162. DOI: https://doi.org/kntz

Song, D. W., Panayides, P. (2015). Maritime Logistics: A Guide to Contemporary Shipping and Port Management. Kogan Page. p446. ISBN: 9780749472689

United Nations (1982). World Charter for Nature. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/39295