Analysis of Bus Transportation Mode in Central Europe

Main Article Content

Al-lami Ammar Khalaf Jabbar

Abstract

: Buses    belong to the most important means of public transportation that significantly impact the economic and environmental aspects of people in different countries.  This study has focused on studying the relationship between buses and their effect on GDP, road networks and population in Hungary, Poland, Czech and Slovakia. We evaluated the number of buses and the GDP per capita for each country for different years and examined the changes over time and the effect of increasing GDP per capita on the number of buses for these countries. We evaluated the transportation system for each country in terms of the number of buses, the area of the country, the paved road network, and the number of inhabitants with income levels there. Poland excels in the number of buses compared to its vast area and high population, but it is lagging in GDP per capita. Slovakia is the smallest in terms of its population and area but has the highest GDP per capita. The Czech Republic is the best in caring for the road network, constantly updating it, and adding newly paved roads and expressway sectors.

Article Details

How to Cite
Khalaf Jabbar, A.- lami A. . (2022). Analysis of Bus Transportation Mode in Central Europe. Cognitive Sustainability, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.55343/cogsust.42
Section
Articles

References

Divíšek, J., C hytrý, M., Grulich, V., P oláková, L: (2014). Landscape classification of the Czech Republic based on the distribution of natural habitats. Preslia. 86, 209–231. URL: https://www.preslia.cz/P143Divisek.pdf (Downloaded: 20 December 2022)

Egercioğlu, Y., Doğan, K. (2016). Effective Sustainable Public Transportation Approaches in Izmir. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 223, 487–492. DOI: https://doi.org/jq68

Eurostat (n.d.). Eurostat URL:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/explore/all/transp?lang=en&subtheme=road&display=list&sort=category (Downloaded: 11 December 2022)

Horváth, J. (ed.) (2000). A Panorama of Hungarian Mathematics in the Twentieth Century I. János Bolyai Mathematical Society, Budapest; Springer, Berlin – Heidelberg – New York.

Ida, Y., Talit, G. (2018). What we can learn 17 years after the reform in public bus transportation in Israel. Case Studies on Transport Policy. 6(4), 510–517. DOI: https://doi.org/jq69

Ištok, R., Plavčanová, D., (2015). Geostrategic position of Slovakia. European Journal of Geopolitics. 3, 4–20. URL: https://ptg.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Istok-Plavcanova-EJG-3-20151.pdf (Downloaded: 20 December 2022)

Konecný, V., Brídziková, M., Marienka, P. (2021). Research of bus transport demand and its factors using multicriteria regression analysis. Transportation Research Procedia. 55, 180–187. DOI: https://doi.org/jq67

Nanaki, E. A., Koroneos, C. J., Roset, J., Susca, T., Christensen, T. H., de Gregorio Hurtado, S., Rybka, A., Kopitovic, J., Heidrich, O., López-Jiménez, P. A. (2017). Environmental assessment of 9 European public bus transportation systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. 28, 42–52. DOI: https://doi.org/f9dz9w

NationMaster (n.d.)https://www.nationmaster.com/ (Downloaded: 11 December 2022)

Pucher, J. Renne, J. L. (2013). Socioeconomics of Urban Travel: Evidence from the 2001 NHTS. Transportation Quarterly. 57(3). 1–3049–77. URL: https://www.sharetheroad.ca/pdf/(Pucher)-Socioeconomics-of-Urban-Travel.pdf (Downloaded: 20 December 2022)

Rdzany, Z. (2014). Geographical Location and Regional Diversity of Poland. 9–41. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71969351.pdf (Downloaded: 20 December 2022)