Production of Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol from the Hydrolysis and Alcoholic Fermentation of Corn Starch
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ethyl alcohol is an organic substance that contains a functional group, the hydroxyl, attached to the ethyl radical. It is a substance used for sterilization and as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels, especially gasoline. It is obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of biomass containing fermentable sugars, based on the use of yeasts; alternatively, microorganisms in the yeast convert the sugars into ethyl alcohol through aerobic metabolism. In this context, this research aims to produce ethyl alcohol by hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation of corn starch and to purify the resulting products by distillation. For this, experimental tests were carried out using equipment on a laboratory scale. Alcoholic fermentation tests were carried out with strict control of ºBrix, specific mass and viscosity. After the fermentation, the resulting products with a reduced percentage of alcohol were purified by conventional and extractive distillation, ensuring increased purity and commercial value for the alcohol produced. The results obtained were satisfactory, and the phenomenological analysis of the operations ensured the understanding of the performance of each operation involved, with emphasis on hydrolysis, fermentation and fractional and extractive distillations, which involve strong interaction between the phases in each operation. With this methodology's implementation, it proved possible to produce alcohol with a high degree of purity, known as anhydrous alcohol.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). As soon as the paper is accepted, finally submitted and edited, the paper will appear in the "OnlineFirst" page of the journal, thus from this point no other internet-based publication is necessary.
References
ABNT (2008). ABNT NBR 5992 – Álcool etílico e suas misturas com água – determinação da massa específica e o teor alcoólico. Método do densímetro de vidro [Ethyl alcohol and its mixtures with water – determination of specific mass and alcoholic concentration. Glass hydrometer method]. Norma Brasileira. URL: http://www.sindalcool.com.br/qualidade/ABNT%205992%20NORMA228.pdf (Dowloaded: 14 December 2022)
Astolfi, A. L. (2019). Sacarificação e fermentação simultânea de biomassa algal e amido e uso do resíduo do processo de fermentação para obtenção de biopeptídios [Saccharification and simultaneous fermentation of algal biomass and starch and use of the residue of the fermentation process to obtain biopeptides]. MSc Thesis. Universidade de Passo Fundo. Passo Fundo.
Barros, A. A. C. (1997). Desenvolvimento de modelo de estágios de não equilíbrio e proposição de correlações de eficiência para os processos de destilação convencional e extrativa [Development of a non-equilibrium stage model and proposition of efficiency correlations for the conventional and extractive distillation processes]. PhD Thesis; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
Barros, A. A. C. (2022). Evaluation of extractive distillation using efficiency correlation and experimental data. Studies in Engineering and Exact Sciences. 3(4), 737–754.
Bender J. P., da Silva M. L. N, Alves S L. (2015) Estudos de pre-tratamentos e hidrolise enzematica do bagaco de cevada para producao de acucares fermentives [Studies of pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of barley bagasse for the production of fermentable sugars ] Scientific report, https://rd.uffs.edu.br/bitstream/prefix/1366/1/PIVA.pdf (accesed 03.11.2022)
Bertoli, S. L., Kalvelage, P. M. S., Albuquerque, A. A., Barros, A. A. C. (2017). (Vapor + Liquid) Equilibrium for Mixtures Ethanol + Biodiesel from Soybean Oil and Frying Oil; International Journal of Thermodynamics (IJoT). 20(30), 159–164.
Carvalho, G. R., Silva, P. C., Pereira, L. A. S., Botrel, R. V. B. F., Botrel, D. A. (2016). Processo de hidrólise ácida de amido de milho ao longo do tempo [Acid hydrolysis process of corn starch over time], XXV Congresso de Pós-Graduação da Ufla, Brasil.
Perry, R. H., Chilton, C. H. (1997). Chemical Engineers' Handbook. New York :McGraw-Hill. McGraw-Hill,. Chicago.
Luz, F. S. et al. (2020). Produção de etanol a partir de amido de milho hidrolisado com amilases do malte de cevada. [Ethanol production from hydrolysed corn starch with barley malt amylases]. In da Silca, E. (org.). Tópicos multidisciplinares em ciências biológicas [Multidisciplinary topics in biological sciences], Ponta Grossa, 123–130.
Folch, P. L., Bisschops, M. M. M., Weusthuis, R. A. (2021). Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation. Microbial Biotechnology. 14(3), 829–858. DOI: https://doi.org/gn8hdb
Noriler, D., Meier, H. F., Barros, A. A. C.; Wolf-Maciel, M. R. (2009). Prediction of Efficiencies through Simultaneous Momentum, Mass and Energy Transfer Analyses in a Distillation Sieve Tray by CFD Techniques. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. 27, 1167–1172 DOI: https://doi.org/b3dqh2
Pitt, F. D., Domingos, A. M., Barros, A. A. C. (2019). Purification of residual glycerol recovered from biodiesel production. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 29(1), 42–51. DOI: https://doi.org/jrgt
Rocha, T. D. S. (2007). Estudo da hidrólise enzimática do amido de mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrizha): efeito do tamanho dos grânulos [Study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava starch (Arracacia xanthorrizha): effect of pellet size]. MSc thesis. Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto.
Santana, N. B. (2007). Eficiência da hidrólise de amido de mandioca por diferentes fontes de enzimas e rendimento da fermentacäo alcoólica para produção de etanol [Hydrolysis efficiency of cassava starch by different enzyme sources and yield of alcoholic fermentation for ethanol production]. MSc thesis. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais.
Santos, K. G. dos, Kugelmeier, C. L., Rossi, E. de, Miyashiro, C. S., Ranucci, C. R., Tietz, C. M., Lupatini, K., N. (2013). Avaliação do brix final, temperatura de destilação e teor alcoólico na produção de bioetanol [Evaluation of final brix, distillation temperature and alcohol content in bioethanol production]. Biochemistry and biotechnology reports. V. 2, 269–272.
Santos, M. J. B. dos, Ludke, M. C. M. M., Ludke, J. V., Torres, T. R., Lopes, L. dos S., Brito, M. S. (2013). Chemical composition and metabolizable energy values of alternative ingredients for broilers. Ciência Animal Brasileira. 14(1), 32–40. DOI: https://doi.org/jrgv
Siqueira, G. A. (2011). Hidrólise enzimática do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar deslignificado e distribuição topoquimica da lignina e dos ácidos hidroxicinâmicos na parede celular [Enzymatic hydrolysis of delignified sugarcane bagasse and topochemical distribution of lignin and hydroxycinnamic acids in the cell wall]. MSc thesis. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Soares, C., Noriler, D., Wolf-Maciel, M. R., Barros, A. A. C., Meier, H. F. (2013). Verification and validation in CFD for a free-surface gas-liquid flow in channels. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 30, 323–325. DOI: https://doi.org/f426qh
Wolf-Maciel, M. R., Soares, C., Barros, A. A. C. (2001). Validations of the nonequilibrium stage model and of a new efficiency correlation for non-ideal distillation process through simulated and experimental data. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. 9, 321–326. DOI: https://doi.org/b55r3b
Zöldy, M., Emőd, I., Oláh, Zs. (2007). Lubrication and viscosity of the bioethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends. 11th EAEC European Automotive Congress, Budapest, Hungary.
Zöldy, M. (2011). Ethanol–biodiesel–diesel blends as a diesel extender option on compression ignition engines. Transport. 26, 303–309. DOI: https://doi.org/fsvz7c