Identifying and assessing the main categories of key performance indicators for nature-based solutions project monitoring
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
As the number of people living in urban areas is firmly increasing, more innovative solutions are needed to tackle the accompanying effects of climate change there, such as heatwaves, stormwater concerns or pollution. As these projects are continually developed and their effects are yet to be fully tapped, there is a lack of a coherent monitoring system. This study presents a systematic and comprehensive overview of three of the most recent studies of Sari et al. (2021), Connop (2020) and Elagiry et al. (2019), which list key-performance indicators (KPIs) for nature-based solutions. These indicators are grouped into six major categories, which are further divided into sub-categories. The results of the paper highlight the importance of a general and widely implementable monitoring tool system which is scalable and localizable for different urban settings, making it possible for individual nature-based projects as well as complex urban ecological systems to be well-monitored.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). As soon as the paper is accepted, finally submitted and edited, the paper will appear in the "OnlineFirst" page of the journal, thus from this point no other internet-based publication is necessary.
References
Almassy, D., Pinter, L., Rocha, S., Naumann, S., Davis, M., Abhold, K., and Bulkeley, H. (2018). Urban Nature Atlas: A database of nature-based solutions across 100 European cities. Urban Nature Atlas: A database of nature-based solutions across 100 European cities.
Bush, J., and Doyon, A. (2019). Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute? Cities, 95, 102483.
Buzási, A., and Csete, M. S. (2017). Adaptive planning for reducing negative impacts of climate change in case of hungarian cities. In Smart Cities in the Mediterranean (pp. 205-223). Springer, Cham.
Chrysoulakis, N., Esch, T., Sazanova, A., Feishman, G., Cavur, M., Feigenwinter, C., Charalampopoulou, V., Mitraka, Z., Dusgun, S. and Parlow, E. (2018, April). Copernicus Sentinels for Urban Planning in Russia: First results from the SEN4RUS Project. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (p. 17952).
Chrysoulakis, N., Heldens, W., Gastellu-Etchegorry, J. P., Grimmond, S., Feigenwinter, C., Lindberg, F., Del Frante, F., Klostermann, J., Mitraka, Z., Esch, T., Al Bitar, A., Gabey, A., Parlow, E. and Olofson, F. (2015). Urban energy budget estimation from sentinels: The URBANFLUXES project. Mapping Urban Areas from Space.
Chrysoulakis, N., Somarakis, G., Stagakis, S., Mitraka, Z., Wong, M. S., and Ho, H. C. (2021). Monitoring and Evaluating Nature-Based Solutions Implementation in Urban Areas by Means of Earth Observation. Remote Sensing, 13(8), 1503.
Cohen-Shacham, E., Andrade, A., Dalton, J., Dudley, N., Jones, M., Kumar, C., Maginnis, S., Maynard, S., Nelson, C. R., Renaud, F. G., Welling, R. and Walters, G. (2019). Core principles for successfully implementing and upscaling Nature-based Solutions. Environmental Science and Policy, 98, 20-29.
Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C., and Maginnis, S. (2016). Nature-based solutions to address global societal challenges. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 97.
Connop, S., Nash, C., Elliot, J., Haase, D., Dushkova, D. (2020, July) Nature-based solution evaluation indicators: Environmental Indicators Review. Connecting Nature.
da Costa, E. M., Kállay, T. (2020). Impacts of Green Spaces on Physical and Mental Health. URBACT Health and Greenspace network.
da Rocha, S. M., Almassy, D., and Pinter, L. (2017). Social and cultural values and impacts of nature-based solutions and natural areas. NATURVATION Deliverable, 1.
De Vries, S., Verheij, R.A., Groenewegen, P.P. and Spreeuwenberg, P., (2003). Natural environments—healthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health. Environment and planning A 35(10), 1717-1731. https://doi.org/fbk2sv
Hiba! A hiperhivatkozás érvénytelen.Dorst, H., van der Jagt, A., Raven, R., and Runhaar, H. (2019). Urban greening through nature-based solutions–Key characteristics of an emerging concept. Sustainable Cities and Society, 49, 101620.
Dushkova, D., and Haase, D. (2020). Not Simply Green: Nature-Based Solutions as a Concept and Practical Approach for Sustainability Studies and Planning Agendas in Cities. Land, 9(1), 19.
Elagiry, M., Kraus, F., Scharf, B., Costa, A., and De Lotto, R. Nature4Cities: Nature-Based Solutions and Climate Resilient Urban Planning and Modelling with GREENPASS®-A Case Study in Segrate/Milano/IT.
European Commission. (2015). Nature-based Solutions and Re-naturing Cities. Final Report of the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on Nature-Based Solutions and Re-Naturing Cities.
European Environment Agency (2021). Nature-based solutions in Europe: Policy, knowledge and practice for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. EEA Report No. 01/2021.
Faivre, N., Fritz, M., Freitas, T., de Boissezon, B., and Vandewoestijne, S. (2017). Nature-Based Solutions in the EU: Innovating with nature to address social, economic and environmental challenges. Environmental research, 159, 509-518.
Farkas, J. Z., Hoyk, E., and Rakonczai, J. (2017). Geographical analysis of climate vulnerability at a regional scale: The case of the Southern Great Plain in Hungary. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 66(2), 129-147.
Fűr, A., & Csete, M. (2010). Modeling methodologies of synergic effects related to climate change and sustainable energy management. Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences, 18(1), 11-19.
Giachino, C., Pattanaro, G., Bertoldi, B., Bollani, L., and Bonadonna, A. (2021). Nature-based solutions and their potential to attract the young generations. Land Use Policy, 101, 105176.
Jaszczak, A., Kristianova, K., Wasilewska, O., and Dunisijevic-Bojovic, D. (2020). Concepts of" Biophilia" and" Livability" in the context of social perception of public space in cities. Przestrzeń i Forma.
Kabisch, N., Frantzeskaki, N., Pauleit, S., Naumann, S., Davis, M., Artmann, M., Haase, D., Knapp, S., Korn, H., Stadler, J., Zaunberger, K., and Bonn, A., (2016). Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas: Perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action. Ecology and Society 21(2). JSTOR.
Kabisch, N., Korn, H., Stadler, J., and Bonn, A. (2017). Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas: Linkages between science, policy and practice. Springer Nature.
Katsou, E., Nika, C. E., Buehler, D., Marić, B., Megyesi, B., Mino, E., Almenar, J. B., Bas, B., Bećirović, D., Bokal, S., Đolić, M., Elginöz, N., Kalnis, G., Mateo, M. G., Milousi, M., Mousavi, A., Rinčić, I., Rizzo, A., Rodriguez-Roda, I., Rugani, B., Šalaševičienė, A., Sari, R., Stanchev, P., Topuz, E. and Atanasova, N. (2020). Transformation tools enabling the implementation of nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city. Blue-Green Systems, 2(1), 188-213.
Keniger, L.E., Gaston, K.J., Irvine, K.N. and Fuller, R.A., (2013). What are the benefits of interacting with nature? International journal of environmental research and public health 10(3), 913-935. https://doi.org/f2wgqp
Lapintie, K. (2021). The Inertial Forces of Ecological Planning: How Planning Resists Conceptual Change. In Ecosystem Services and Green Infrastructure (pp. 45-57). Springer, Cham.
Lewandowska, A., and Szymańska, D. (2021). Ecologisation of Polish cities in the light of selected parameters of sustainable development. Sustainable Cities and Society, 64, 102538.
Lorencová, E. K., Slavíková, L., Emmer, A., Vejchodská, E., Rybová, K., and Vačkářová, D. (2021). Stakeholder engagement and institutional context features of the ecosystem-based approaches in urban adaptation planning in the Czech Republic. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 58, 126955.
Ludlow, D., Lemper, M., Marconcini, M., Malcorps, P., and Metz, A. (2016). EO-based smart city decision support services for integrated urban governance: the DECUMANUS project.
Macháč, J., Rybová, K., Louda, J., and Dubová, L. (2018, May). How to support planning and implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban areas? Case study of Brno-Nový Lískovec. In 2018 Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Meerow, S., (2019). A green infrastructure spatial planning model for evaluating ecosystem service tradeoffs and synergies across three coastal megacities. Environmental Research Letters 14(12), 125011. https://doi.org/gngt4m
Mendes, R., Fidélis, T., Roebeling, P., and Teles, F. (2020). The Institutionalization of Nature-Based Solutions—A Discourse Analysis of Emergent Literature. Resources, 9(1), 6.
Oen, A. M., (2019). Nature-Based Solutions Are Gaining Momentum from International Initiatives Promoting Environmental, Social, and Economic Benefits. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 15(6), 830–831. https://doi.org/hvcm
Poyraz, A. Y., & Csete, M. S. (2021). Sustainability in disaster management: an overview of nature-based solutions. Scientific Bulletin Series D: Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology & Environmental Engineering, 35(2).
Raymond, C. M., Breil, M., Nita, M. R., Kabisch, N., de Bel, M., Enzi, V., Frantzeskaki, N., Geneletti, G., Lovinger, L., Cardinaletti, M., Basnou, C., Monteiro, A., Robrecht, H., Sgrigna, G., Muhari, L., Calfapietra, C and Berry, P. (2017). An impact evaluation framework to support planning and evaluation of nature-based solutions projects. Report prepared by the EKLIPSE Expert Working Group on Nature-Based Solutions to Promote Climate Resilience in Urban Areas. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.
Sarı, R. (2021). Nature Based Solutions for re-naturing cities: knowledge diffusion and decision support platform through new collaborative models. Nature4Cities.
Seddon, N., Chausson, A., Berry, P., Girardin, C. A., Smith, A., and Turner, B. (2020). Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375(1794), 20190120.
Spencer, P. E., and Coye, R. W. (1988). Project BRIDGE: A team approach to decision-making for early services. Infants and Young Children, 1(1), 82-92.
Stefanakis, A., (2019). The Role of Constructed Wetlands as Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Water Management. Sustainability 11(24), 6981. https://doi.org/hvcn
Szabó, M., Csete, M. S., & Pálvölgyi, T. (2018). Resilient Regions from Sustainable Development Perspective. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(1), 395-395.
Szalmáné Csete, M., & Buzási, A. (2020). Hungarian regions and cities towards an adaptive future-analysis of climate change strategies on different spatial levels. Időjárás/Quarterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service, 124(2), 253-276.
Szlávik, J., & Csete, M. (2005). Sustainable countryside and competitiveness. Gazdálkodás: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, 49(80-2016-442), 19-27.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision.
van den Bosch, M., and Sang, Å. O. (2017). Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health–A systematic review of reviews. Environmental research, 158, 373-384.
van der Jagt, A. P., Szaraz, L. R., Delshammar, T., Cvejić, R., Santos, A., Goodness, J., and Buijs, A. (2017). Cultivating nature-based solutions: The governance of communal urban gardens in the European Union. Environmental Research, 159, 264-275.
Warren, J. (2011). Key Performance Indicators (KPI)–Definition and action. London: ATI.
Zöldy, M., Csete, M. S., Kolozsi, P. P., Bordás, P., & Török, A. (2022). Cognitive Sustainability. Cognitive Sustainability, 1(1)